1. loveth knowledge--as the fruit of instruction or training
(@Pr 1:2).
hateth reproof--(@Pr 10:17).
brutish--stupid, regardless of his own welfare (@Ps 49:10 73:22).
3. Wickedness cannot give permanent prosperity.
root . . . not be moved--firm as a flourishing
tree--(@Ps 1:3 15:5 Jer 17:8).
4. A virtuous woman--in the wide sense of well-disposed to all moral
duties (@Pr 31:10).
maketh ashamed--that is, by misconduct.
rottenness--an incurable evil.
5. thoughts--or, "purposes."
are right--literally, "are judgment," that is, true decisions.
counsels--(Compare @Pr 11:14).
deceit--contrary to truth and honesty.
6. The words--or, "expressed designs" of the wicked are for evil
purposes.
the mouth--or, "words" of the righteous delivering instead of ensnaring
men.
7. Such conduct brings a proper return, by the destruction of the wicked and well-being of the righteous and his family.
8. despised--as opposed to commended (@Pr 11:12).
perverse heart--or, "wicked principles," as opposed to one of wisdom.
9. despised--held in little repute, obscure (@1Sa 18:23 Isa 3:5).
hath a servant--implying some means of honest living.
honoureth himself--is self-conceited.
10. regardeth--literally, "knoweth" (@Ps 1:6).
mercies . . . cruel--as acts of compassion ungraciously rendered to the
needy. The righteous more regards a beast than the wicked a man.
11. The idler's fate is the result of indolence and want of principle (@Pr 6:32 7:7).
12. the wicked . . . evil--They love the crafty arts of deception.
the root . . . fruit--their own resources supply them; or, it may be
rendered: "He (God) giveth, or, sets (@Eze 17:22) the root of the
righteous," and hence it is firm: or, the verb is impersonal; "As to the
root . . . it is firm" (@Pr 17:19).
13, 14. The wicked is snared, &c.--The sentiment expanded. While the wicked, such as liars, flatterers, &c., fall by their own words, the righteous are unhurt. Their good conduct makes friends, and God rewards them.
15. The way . . . eyes--The fool is self-conceited (compare @Pr 12:1 1:32 10:17 Jas 3:17).
16. prudent . . . shame--He is slow to denounce his insulters (@Jas 1:19).
18. speaketh--literally, "speaketh hastily," or indiscreetly
(@Ps 106:33), as an angry man retorts harsh and provoking invectives.
tongue . . . health--by soothing and gentle language.
19. Words of truth are consistent, and stand all tests, while lies are soon discovered and exposed.
20. that imagine--or, "plan" (@Pr 3:29). They design a deceitful course, to which, with all its evils and dangers to others and themselves, the happiness of peace-makers is opposed (compare @Mt 5:9 Ro 12:18).
21. no evil--(as in @Ps 91:10), under God's wise limitations
(@Ro 8:28).
mischief--as penal evil.
22. deal truly--or, "faithfully," that is, according to promises (compare @Joh 3:21).
23. concealeth--by his modesty (@Pr 10:14 11:13).
heart . . . proclaimeth--as his lips speak his thoughts (compare
@Ec 10:3).
24. slothful--(Compare Margin), so called because he fails to meet
his promises.
under tribute--not denoting legal taxes, but the obligation of
dependence.
25. a good word--one of comfort.
26. more excellent--(Compare Margin); or, "more successful," while the wicked fail; or, we may read it: "The righteous guides his friend, but," &c., that is, The ability of the righteous to aid others is contrasted with the ruin to which the way of the wicked leads themselves.
27. (Compare @Pr 12:24).
took in hunting--or, "his venison." He does not improve his advantages.
the substance . . . precious--or, "the wealth of a man of honor is
being diligent," or "diligence."
precious--literally, "honor" (@Ec 10:1).
28. (Compare @Pr 8:8,20, &c.). A sentiment often stated; here first affirmatively, then negatively.