Aleph.
1. How--The title of the collection repeated here, and in @La 4:1.
covered . . . with a cloud--that is, with the darkness of ignominy.
cast down from heaven unto . . . earth--(@Mt 11:23); dashed down
from the highest prosperity to the lowest misery.
beauty of Israel--the beautiful temple (@Ps 29:2 74:7 96:9,
Margin; @Isa 60:7 64:11).
his footstool--the ark (compare @1Ch 28:2, with
@Ps 99:5 132:7). They once had gloried more in the ark than in the
God whose symbol it was; they now feel it was but His "footstool," yet
that it had been a great glory to them that God deigned to use it as
such.
Beth.
2. polluted--by delivering it into the hands of the profane foe. Compare @Ps 89:39, "profaned . . . crown."
Gimel.
3. horn--worn in the East as an ornament on the forehead, and an
emblem of power and majesty (@1Sa 2:10 Ps 132:17;
see on Jer 48:25).
drawn back . . . fight hand--(@Ps 74:11). God has withdrawn the
help which He before gave them. Not as
HENDERSON, "He has turned back
his (Israel's) right hand" (@Ps 89:43).
Daleth.
4. (@Isa 63:10).
stood with . . . right hand--He took His stand so as to use His right
hand as an adversary.
HENDERSON makes the image to be that of an archer
steadying his right hand to take aim. Not only did He withdraw His help, but also took arms against Israel.
all . . . pleasant to . . . eye--(@Eze 24:25). All that were
conspicuous for youth, beauty, and rank.
in . . . tabernacle--the dwellings of Jerusalem.
He.
5. an enemy--(@Jer 30:14).
mourning and lamentation--There is a play of similar sounds in the
original, "sorrow and sadness," to heighten the effect (@Job 30:3,
Hebrew; @Eze 35:3, Margin).
Vau.
6. tabernacle--rather, "He hath violently taken away His hedge (the hedge of the place sacred to Him, @Ps 80:12 89:40 Isa 5:5), as
that of a garden" [MAURER].
CALVIN supports English Version, "His
tabernacle (that is, temple) as
(one would take away the temporary cottage or booth)
of a garden." @Isa 1:8 accords with this
(@Job 27:18).
places of . . . assembly--the temple and synagogues (@Ps 74:7,8).
solemn feasts--(@La 1:4).
Zain.
7. they . . . made a noise in . . . house of . . . Lord, as in . . . feast--The foe's shout of triumph in the captured temple bore a resemblance (but oh, how sad a contrast as to the occasion of it!) to the joyous thanksgivings we used to offer in the same place at our "solemn feasts" (compare @La 2:22).
Cheth.
8. stretched . . . a line--The Easterns used a measuring-line not merely in building, but in destroying edifices (@2Ki 21:13 Isa 34:11); implying here the unsparing rigidness with which He would exact punishment.
Teth.
9. Her gates cannot oppose the entrance of the foe into the city, for
they are sunk under a mass of rubbish and earth.
broken . . . bars--(@Jer 51:30).
her king . . . among . . . Gentiles--(@De 28:36).
law . . . no more--(@2Ch 15:3).
The civil and religious laws were
one under the theocracy. "All the legal ordinances
(prophetical as well as priestly)
of the theocracy, are no more" (@Ps 74:9 Eze 7:26).
Jod.
10. (@Job 2:12,13). The "elders," by their example, would draw
the others to violent grief.
the virgins--who usually are so anxious to set off their personal
appearances to advantage.
Caph.
11. liver is poured, &c.--that is, as the liver was thought to be the
seat of the passions, "all my feelings are poured out and prostrated
for," &c. The "liver," is here put for the bile ("gall," @Job 16:13;
"bowels," @Ps 22:14) in a bladder on the surface of the liver,
copiously discharged when the passions are agitated.
swoon--through faintness from the effects of hunger.
Lamed.
12. as the wounded--famine being as deadly as the sword
(@Jer 52:6).
soul . . . poured . . . into . . .
mothers bosom--Instinctively turning to their mother's bosom, but
finding no milk there, they breathe out their life as it were
"into her bosom."
Mem.
13. What thing shall I take to witness--What can I bring forward as a witness, or instance, to prove that others have sustained as grievous ills as thou? I cannot console thee as mourners are often consoled by showing that thy lot is only what others, too, suffer. The "sea" affords the only suitable emblem of thy woes, by its boundless extent and depth (@La 1:12 Da 9:12).
Nun.
14. Thy prophets--not God's (@Jer 23:26).
vain . . . for thee--to gratify thy appetite, not for truth, but for
false things.
not discovered thine iniquity--in opposition to God's command to the
true prophets (@Isa 58:1). Literally, "They have not taken off (the veil) which was on thine iniquity, so as to set it before thee."
burdens--Their prophecies were soothing and flattering; but the result
of them was heavy calamities to the people, worse than even what the
prophecies of Jeremiah, which they in derision called "burdens,"
threatened. Hence he terms their pretended prophecies "false burdens,"
which proved to the Jews "causes of their banishment"
[CALVIN].
Samech.
15. clap . . . hands--in derision (@Job 27:23 34:37).
wag . . . head--(@2Ki 19:21 Ps 44:14).
perfection of beauty . . . joy of . . . earth--(@Ps 48:2 50:2).
The Jews' enemies quote their very words in scorn.
Pe.
16, 17. For the transposition of Hebrew letters (Pe and
Ain, @La 2:16,17) in the order of verses,
see Introduction.
opened . . . mouth--as ravening, roaring wild beasts
(@Job 16:9,10 Ps 22:13). Herein Jerusalem was a type of Messiah.
gnash . . . teeth--in vindictive malice.
we have seen it--(@Ps 35:21).
Ain.
17. Lord--Let not the foe exult as if it was their doing. It was "the Lord" who thus fulfilled the threats uttered by His prophets for the guilt of Judea (@Le 26:16-25 De 28:36-48,53 Jer 19:9).
Tzaddi.
18. wall--(@La 2:8). Personified. "Their heart," that is, the
Jews'; while their heart is lifted up to the Lord in prayer, their
speech is addressed to the "wall" (the part being put for
the whole city).
let tears, &c.--(@Jer 14:17). The wall is called on to weep for
its own ruin and that of the city. Compare the similar personification
(@La 1:4).
apple--the pupil of the eye (@Ps 17:8).
Koph.
19. cry . . . in . . . night--(@Ps 119:147).
beginning of . . . watches--that is, the first of the three equal
divisions (four hours each) into which the ancient Jews divided the
night; namely, from sunset to ten o'clock. The second was called "the
middle watch" (@Jud 7:19), from ten till two o'clock. The third,
"the morning watch," from two to sunrise (@Ex 14:24 1Sa 11:11).
Afterwards, under the Romans, they had four watches
(@Mt 14:25 Lu 12:38).
for . . . thy . . . children--that God, if He will not spare thee,
may at least preserve "thy young children."
top of . . . street--(@Isa 51:20 Na 3:10).
Resh.
20. women eat . . . fruit--as threatened
(@Le 26:29 De 28:53,56,57 Jer 19:9).
children . . . span long--or else, "children whom they carry in
their arms" [MAURER].
Schin.
21. (@2Ch 36:17).
Tau.
22. Thou hast called as in . . . solemn day . . . terrors--Thou hast summoned my enemies against me from all quarters, just as multitudes used to be convened to Jerusalem, on the solemn feast days. The objects, for which the enemies and the festal multitude respectively met, formed a sad contrast. Compare @La 1:15: "called an assembly against me."