@Isa 39:1-8. HEZEKIAH'S ERROR IN THE DISPLAY OF HIS RICHES TO THE BABYLONIAN AMBASSADOR.
1. Merodach-baladan--For a hundred fifty years before the overthrow
of Nineveh by Cyaxares the Mede, a succession of rulers, mostly viceroys
of Assyria, ruled Babylon, from the time of Nabonassar, 747 B.C. That
date is called "the Era of Nabonassar." Pul or Phallukha was then
expelled, and a new dynasty set up at Nineveh, under Tiglath-pileser.
Semiramis, Pul's wife, then retired to Babylon, with Nabonassar, her
son, whose advent to the throne of Babylon, after the overthrow of the
old line at Nineveh, marked a new era. Sometimes the viceroys of Babylon
made themselves, for a time, independent of Assyria; thus
Merodach-baladan at this time did so, encouraged by the Assyrian
disaster in the Jewish campaign. He had done so before, and was defeated
in the first year of Sennacherib's reign, as is recorded in cuneiform
characters in that monarchs palace of Koyunjik. Nabopolassar was the
first who established, permanently, his independence; his son,
Nebuchadnezzar, raised Babylon to the position which Nineveh once
occupied; but from the want of stone near the Lower Euphrates, the
buildings of Babylon, formed of sun-dried brick, have not stood the wear
of ages as Nineveh has.
Merodach--an idol, the same as the god of war and planet Mars
(@Jer 50:2). Often kings took their names from their gods, as if
peculiarly under their tutelage. So Belshazzar from Bel.
Baladan--means "Bel is his lord." The chronicle of
EUSEBIUS contains
a fragment of BEROSUS,
stating that Acises, an Assyrian viceroy, usurped
the supreme command at Babylon. Merodach- (or Berodach-) baladan
murdered him and succeeded to the throne. Sennacherib conquered
Merodach-baladan and left Esar-haddon, his son, as governor of Babylon.
Merodach-baladan would naturally court the alliance of Hezekiah, who,
like himself, had thrown off the yoke of the Assyrian king, and who
would be equally glad of the Babylonian alliance against Assyria; hence
arose the excessive attention which he paid to the usurper.
sick--An additional reason is given (@2Ch 32:31). "The princes
of Babylon sent to enquire of the wonder that was done in the land";
namely, the recession of the shadow on Ahaz' sundial; to the Chaldean
astronomers, such a fact would be especially interesting, the dial
having been invented at Babylon.
2. glad--It was not the mere act, but the spirit of it, which provoked
God (@2Ch 32:25), "Hezekiah rendered not again according to the
benefit done unto him, for his heart was lifted up"; also compare
@2Ch 32:31. God "tries" His people at different times by different
ways, bringing out "all that is in their heart," to show them its varied
corruptions. Compare David in a similar case (@1Ch 21:1-8).
precious things--rather, "the house of his (aromatic) spices"; from
a Hebrew root, to "break to pieces," as is done to aromatics.
silver . . . gold--partly obtained from the Assyrian camp
(@Isa 33:4); partly from presents (@2Ch 32:23,27-29).
precious ointment--used for anointing kings and priests.
armour--or else vessels in general; the parallel passage
(@2Ch 32:27), "treasuries . . . for shields," favors
English Version. His arsenal.
3. What . . . whence--implying that any proposition coming from the
idolatrous enemies of God, with whom Israel was forbidden to form
alliance, should have been received with anything but gladness. Reliance on Babylon, rather than on God, was a similar sin to the
previous reliance on Egypt (@Isa 30:1-31:9).
far country--implying that he had done nothing more than was proper
in showing attention to strangers "from a far country."
4. All--a frank confession of his whole fault; the king submits his conduct to the scrutiny of a subject, because that subject was accredited by God. Contrast Asa (@2Ch 16:7-10).
5. Lord of hosts--who has all thy goods at His disposal.
6. days come--one hundred twenty years afterwards. This is the first intimation that the Jews would be carried to Babylon--the first designation of their place of punishment. The general prophecy of Moses (@Le 26:33 De 28:64); the more particular one of Ahijah in Jeroboam's time (@1Ki 14:15), "beyond the river"; and of @Am 5:27, "captivity beyond Damascus"; are now concentrated in this specific one as to "Babylon" (@Mic 4:10). It was an exact retribution in kind, that as Babylon had been the instrument of Hezekiah and Judah's sin, so also it should be the instrument of their punishment.
7. sons . . . from thee--The sons which Hezekiah
(as JOSEPHUS tells us)
wished to have (see on Isa 28:3,
on "wept sore") will be
among the foremost in suffering.
eunuchs--fulfilled (@Da 1:2,3,7).
8. peace . . . in my days--The punishment was not, as in David's case (@2Sa 24:13-15), sent in his time. True repentance acquiesces in all God's ways and finds cause of thanksgiving in any mitigation.