1. returned--namely, to the thought set forth (@Ec 3:16 Job 35:9).
power--MAURER, not so well, "violence."
no comforter--twice said to express continued suffering without any
to give comfort (@Isa 53:7).
2. A profane sentiment if severed from its connection; but just in its bearing on Solomon's scope. If religion were not taken into account (@Ec 3:17,19), to die as soon as possible would be desirable, so as not to suffer or witness "oppressions"; and still more so, not to be born at all (@Ec 7:1). Job (@Job 3:12 21:7), David (@Ps 73:3, &c.), Jeremiah (@Jer 12:1), Habakkuk (@Hab 1:13), all passed through the same perplexity, until they went into the sanctuary, and looked beyond the present to the "judgment" (@Ps 73:17 Hab 2:20 3:17,18). Then they saw the need of delay, before completely punishing the wicked, to give space for repentance, or else for accumulation of wrath (@Ro 2:15); and before completely rewarding the godly, to give room for faith and perseverance in tribulation (@Ps 92:7-12). Earnests, however, are often even now given, by partial judgments of the future, to assure us, in spite of difficulties, that God governs the earth.
3. not seen--nor experienced.
4. right--rather, "prosperous" (see on Ec 2:21). Prosperity, which men so much covet, is the very source of provoking oppression (@Ec 4:1) and "envy," so far is it from constituting the chief good.
5. Still the
fool, the wicked oppressor who "folds his hands together"
(@Pr 6:10 24:33), in idleness, living on the means he wrongfully
wrests from others, is not to be envied even in this life; for such a
one
eateth his own flesh--that is, is a self-tormentor, never
satisfied, his spirit preying on itself (@Isa 9:20 49:26).
6. Hebrew; "One open hand (palm) full of quietness, than both closed hands full of travail." "Quietness" (mental tranquillity flowing from honest labor), opposed to "eating one's own flesh" (@Ec 4:5), also opposed to anxious labor to gain (@Ec 4:8 Pr 15:16,17 16:8).
7. A vanity described in @Ec 4:8.
8. not a second--no partner.
child--"son or brother," put for any heir (@De 25:5-10).
eye--(@Ec 1:8). The miser would not be able to give an account of
his infatuation.
9. Two--opposed to "one" (@Ec 4:8). Ties of union, marriage,
friendship, religious communion, are better than the selfish
solitariness of the miser (@Ge 2:18).
reward--Advantage accrues from their efforts being conjoined.
The Talmud says, "A man without a companion is like a left hand
without the right.
10. if they fall--if the one or other fall, as may happen to both, namely, into any distress of body, mind, or soul.
11. (See on 1Ki 1:1). The image is taken from man and wife, but applies universally to the warm sympathy derived from social ties. So Christian ties (@Lu 24:32 Ac 28:15).
12. one--enemy.
threefold cord--proverbial for a combination of many--for example,
husband, wife, and children (@Pr 11:14); so Christians
(@Lu 10:1 Col 2:2,19). Untwist the cord, and the separate threads
are easily "broken."
13. The "threefold cord" (@Ec 4:12) of social ties suggests the
subject of civil government. In this case too, he concludes that
kingly power confers no lasting happiness. The "wise" child, though a
supposed case of Solomon, answers, in the event foreseen by the Holy
Ghost, to Jeroboam, then a poor but valiant youth, once a "servant" of
Solomon, and (@1Ki 11:26-40) appointed by God through the prophet
Ahijah to be heir of the kingdom of the ten tribes about to be rent from
Rehoboam. The "old and foolish king" answers to Solomon himself, who had
lost his wisdom, when, in defiance of two warnings of God
(@1Ki 3:14 9:2-9), he forsook God.
will no more be admonished--knows not yet how to take warning (see
Margin) God had by Ahijah already intimated the judgment coming on
Solomon (@1Ki 11:11-13).
14. out of prison--Solomon uses this phrase of a supposed case; for
example, Joseph raised from a dungeon to be lord of Egypt. His words are
at the same time so framed by the Holy Ghost that they answer virtually
to Jeroboam, who fled to escape a "prison" and death from Solomon, to
Shishak of Egypt (@1Ki 11:40). This unconscious presaging of his
own doom, and that of Rehoboam, constitutes the irony. David's elevation
from poverty and exile, under Saul (which may have been before Solomon's
mind), had so far their counterpart in that of Jeroboam.
whereas . . . becometh poor--rather, "though he (the youth) was born
poor in his kingdom" (in the land where afterwards he was to reign).
15. "I considered all the living," the present generation, in relation
to ("with") the "second youth"
(the "legitimate successor" of the "old king," as opposed to the
"poor youth," the one first spoken of, about to be raised from
poverty to a throne), that is, Rehoboam.
in his stead--the old king's.
16. Notwithstanding their now worshipping the rising sun, the
heir-apparent, I reflected that "there were no bounds, no stability
(@2Sa 15:6 20:1), no check on the love of innovation, of all that
have been before them," that is, the past generation; so
also they that come after--that is, the next generation,
shall not rejoice in him--namely, Rehoboam. The parallel, "shall
not rejoice," fixes the sense of "no bounds," no permanent adherence,
though now men rejoice in
him.